Peru
Flag of Peru
Flag is available in resolutions
| Icon 88x59 |  |
| Icon 32x21 |  |
Peru
Peru: A Tapestry of Ancient Wonders and Vibrant Culture
Peru, a South American nation cradled by the majestic Andes Mountains and bordering the vast Pacific Ocean, is a land of breathtaking geographical diversity and a history steeped in ancient civilizations. From the arid coastal plains to the lush Amazon rainforest and the towering peaks of the Andes, Peru offers a kaleidoscope of landscapes that have shaped its unique culture and attracted explorers and travelers for centuries. Its population, a rich blend of indigenous heritage and European, African, and Asian influences, contributes to a vibrant social fabric, a testament to the country’s complex and fascinating past. Understanding Peru requires delving into its geography, its tumultuous history, its burgeoning industries, and the iconic tourist attractions that draw millions to its shores.
The geographical tapestry of Peru is arguably its most defining characteristic. The country can be broadly divided into three distinct regions, each with its own climate, ecosystems, and cultural nuances. The Costa, or coastal region, stretches along the Pacific Ocean and is a stark contrast to the other two. Here, vast deserts, dotted with fertile river valleys, dominate the landscape. This region is home to Peru’s largest cities, including the capital, Lima, and is a vital hub for agriculture, fishing, and industry. The Humboldt Current, flowing from the Antarctic, moderates the coastal climate, resulting in a mild, often foggy, environment. Moving inland, the Sierra, the Andean highlands, rises dramatically. These towering mountains, home to some of the highest peaks in the Americas, are characterized by deep canyons, high-altitude plateaus, and a rugged, dramatic beauty. The climate here is varied, with significant temperature fluctuations between day and night and distinct wet and dry seasons. This region is the historical heartland of ancient Peruvian civilizations and remains a stronghold of indigenous Quechua and Aymara cultures. Finally, the Selva, or Amazon rainforest, occupies the eastern part of Peru, representing the largest portion of its territory. This vast, humid expanse is teeming with biodiversity, a world of dense jungle, winding rivers, and an incredible array of flora and fauna. The Amazon basin is a critical ecological zone, influencing regional weather patterns and harboring indigenous communities who have lived in harmony with the rainforest for millennia. This tripartite geography has not only dictated human settlement patterns but has also profoundly influenced the countrys economy and its cultural identity.
Perus history is a grand narrative of empires, conquests, and resilience. The earliest evidence of human civilization in Peru dates back thousands of years, with the development of sophisticated agricultural practices and complex societies long before the arrival of Europeans. The most renowned of these ancient cultures is undoubtedly the Inca Empire, which, at its zenith in the 15th and early 16th centuries, stretched across a vast territory encompassing parts of modern-day Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The Incas were master builders, engineers, and administrators, leaving behind an enduring legacy of monumental architecture, most famously the citadel of Machu Picchu, a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Their sophisticated road system, agricultural terraces, and intricate social organization speak volumes about their advanced civilization. The arrival of Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century marked a brutal turning point in Peruvian history. Led by Francisco Pizarro, the Spanish conquered the Inca Empire, bringing with them European diseases, political upheaval, and a new religious and social order. The colonial period was characterized by the exploitation of Peru’s rich mineral resources, particularly silver, and the imposition of Spanish rule. Despite centuries of oppression, indigenous cultures persisted, often in subtle and resilient ways, preserving their languages, traditions, and spiritual beliefs. The struggle for independence from Spain culminated in the early 19th century, with figures like José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar playing pivotal roles. Peru officially declared its independence in 1821. The post-independence era has been marked by periods of political instability, economic challenges, and social unrest, including internal conflicts and the rise of guerrilla movements. However, Peru has also witnessed periods of significant economic growth and democratic consolidation, demonstrating its remarkable capacity for recovery and adaptation.
The Peruvian economy is a dynamic and increasingly diversified entity, driven by a combination of natural resources, agricultural production, and a burgeoning tourism sector. Mining remains a cornerstone of the Peruvian economy, with the country being a major global producer of copper, gold, silver, and zinc. The Andes Mountains are rich in mineral deposits, and mining operations, while contributing significantly to GDP and employment, also present environmental and social challenges. Agriculture is another vital sector, benefiting from the diverse climatic zones. Peru is renowned for its high-quality agricultural exports, including asparagus, blueberries, grapes, and avocados, which are increasingly sought after in international markets. The coastal valleys, irrigated by Andean rivers, are particularly productive. Furthermore, Peru is the birthplace of the potato and boasts an incredible diversity of potato varieties. The fishing industry is also significant, with Peru’s extensive coastline providing abundant marine resources, primarily for fishmeal production. In recent years, tourism has emerged as a powerful engine of economic growth. The country’s rich historical heritage, stunning natural landscapes, and vibrant cultural traditions attract millions of visitors annually, generating substantial revenue and employment opportunities. The government has actively invested in tourism infrastructure and promotion, recognizing its potential for sustainable development. The services sector, encompassing finance, telecommunications, and retail, is also growing, particularly in urban centers like Lima. While Peru has made significant strides in economic development, challenges remain, including addressing poverty, inequality, and ensuring sustainable and equitable distribution of its economic gains.
Peru’s tourist attractions are as diverse and captivating as its geography and history. The undisputed crown jewel is Machu Picchu, the lost city of the Incas, perched majesteningly on a mountain ridge above the Sacred Valley. Its enigmatic ruins, breathtaking setting, and the sheer ingenuity of its construction leave visitors in awe. The journey to Machu Picchu, often involving a scenic train ride through the Urubamba Valley, is an experience in itself. The Sacred Valley of the Incas, a fertile region dotted with ancient Inca ruins, traditional villages, and vibrant markets, is another must-visit. Sites like Ollantaytambo, Pisac, and Moray offer glimpses into Inca agricultural techniques and urban planning. Further south, the city of Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire, is a living museum, with its colonial architecture built upon Inca foundations. Its charming cobblestone streets, vibrant plazas, and impressive Inca stonework, such as the walls of the Koricancha (Temple of the Sun), are a testament to its rich past. Beyond the Inca heartland, the Nazca Lines, mysterious geoglyphs etched into the desert floor, continue to puzzle archaeologists and visitors alike, best viewed from an aerial perspective. The Amazon rainforest beckons with its incredible biodiversity. Lodges deep in the jungle offer opportunities to explore the rainforest, spot exotic wildlife, and learn about the indigenous cultures of the Amazon. Lake Titicaca, the world’s highest navigable lake, straddling the border with Bolivia, is home to the unique Uros floating islands, inhabited by indigenous communities who have preserved their traditional way of life. For adventure seekers, trekking opportunities abound, from the challenging Inca Trail to Machu Picchu to the stunning hikes in the Cordillera Blanca, home to some of the highest tropical mountains in the world. Peru’s culinary scene is also a major draw, with its fusion of indigenous ingredients and international influences creating a world-renowned gastronomy, characterized by dishes like ceviche, lomo saltado, and pisco sour.
In conclusion, Peru is a nation that ignites the imagination. Its extraordinary geographical diversity, from the arid coast to the soaring Andes and the verdant Amazon, provides a dramatic backdrop to a history rich with the echoes of ancient empires and the struggles of a nation forging its identity. The resilience and vibrancy of its people, a testament to their diverse heritage, are palpable in every corner of the country. As its industries continue to evolve and its tourism sector flourishes, Peru stands as a compelling destination, offering a profound journey through time, a feast for the senses, and an enduring connection to the wonders of the ancient world and the raw beauty of nature.
Information about Peru
The information comes from the publication CIA The World Factbook.
Automated text translation, excuse errors, please!
Country Peru is situated in a location / continent South America. Peru has an area of 1 285 216 km2 and 29 549 517 residents. The highest point has a height 6 768 above sea level. and it is called Nevado Huascaran. The lowest point is located at the level of 0 above sea level and it is named Pacific Ocean. System of government is republic and the date of independence July 28, 1821. The capital city is Lima. Peru has the international abbreviation PE.
Peru - economy
Total gross domestic product (GDP) is 305 800 000 000 $. Total gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power parity is 10 200 $. GDP grows by 6.90 % a year. Inflation (consumer price index) is equal to 3.40 % a year. Peru have 15 900 000 working-age population (from a total population 29 549 517 people). Unemployment is at 7.90 %. Peru issued 4.60 % GDP to healt care and 1,50 % GDP to army. The public debt of the country is 19.90 % GDP. The total amount of foreign debt is 36 980 000 000 USD.
Peru - demography
As suggested above, Peru has 29 549 517 people. Population growth is in the amount 1.02 % per year. Number of children born per 1000 population per year is 19.13.Every mother has average 2.29 children. The infant mortality rate is 21.50 and maternal mortality 67.00 deaths per 100,000 births. Average estimated life expectancy makes 72.73 years. Mortality is 5.95 people per 1000 population per year.
Peru - transport and telecommunications
Peru has 137 327 km of roads, 1 906 km of railway lines and 191 airports. The total length of waterways (navigable rivers, canals, etc.) is 8 808 km. There is registered 22 ships.
Number of active mobile phones (sim card) in the country Peru is 32 461 000. Number of active fixed telephone lines is 3 257 000. Peru has 9 158 000 internet users, who have the available 232 515 Internet connections. Peru has been assigned a domain first Choose range .pe.
Peru - energetics
Peru consumes a year 34 250 000 000 kWh of electricity. Annual electricity production is 38 700 000 000 kWh in power plants with a total installed electrical capacity 7 982 000 kW. Peru exports 0 kWh and imports 6 000 000 kWh of electricity per year Energy mix of power generation is as follows: fossil fuels: 59 %, nuclear energy: 0 %, renewable: 0.0 %, hydropower: 41.0 %. The country Peru is harvested annually 152 600 barrels of oil.
Keywords: information, demography, flag, world countries, all flags, flags of countries in the world, economy, transport, energetics, Peru, telecommunications, national flags, list of countries, list of flags, flag states, Flags of countries, Flag of Peru, politic.