Jordan
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Jordan
Jordan: A Land of Ancient Wonders and Modern Aspirations
Nestled in the heart of the Middle East, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a country that defies easy categorization. It is a land where ancient civilizations have left indelible marks, where dramatic desert landscapes meet fertile valleys, and where a rich tapestry of history and culture continues to unfold. From the rose-red city of Petra, a testament to the ingenuity of the Nabataeans, to the bustling modern capital of Amman, Jordan offers a captivating blend of the past and the present, attracting travelers with its profound historical significance, breathtaking natural beauty, and the warm hospitality of its people. This is a nation that has navigated complex geopolitical currents, emerging as a beacon of stability and a vital player in regional affairs, all while striving to balance its ancient heritage with the demands of a modernizing economy.
The population of Jordan, numbering around 11 million people, is a vibrant mosaic of ethnicities and backgrounds, predominantly Arab. The majority of Jordanians are Muslim, with a significant Christian minority that has coexisted peacefully for centuries. This religious diversity is a hallmark of Jordanian society, contributing to its tolerant and inclusive atmosphere. The Jordanian people are renowned for their exceptional hospitality, a trait deeply ingrained in their cultural fabric. Visitors often remark on the genuine warmth and generosity they encounter, from the simplest of interactions to more formal invitations. The official language is Arabic, though English is widely spoken, particularly in urban centers and tourist areas, facilitating communication for international visitors. The demographic landscape has been significantly shaped by waves of migration throughout history, including significant Palestinian and Syrian refugee populations, which have enriched the country’s cultural and social fabric, presenting both opportunities and challenges in terms of resource management and social integration.
Jordan’s history is a profound journey through millennia, marked by the rise and fall of empires and the enduring legacy of ancient peoples. The land was once a crossroads for trade routes, connecting Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean. The Nabataeans, a nomadic Arab tribe, established their magnificent capital at Petra in the 4th century BCE, carving breathtaking temples and tombs into the sandstone cliffs. Their mastery of water management allowed them to thrive in the arid desert, creating an oasis of civilization. Later, the Romans conquered the region, leaving behind impressive ruins such as the Jerash amphitheater and colonnaded streets. The Byzantine era saw the spread of Christianity, with numerous churches and mosaics still visible today. Following the rise of Islam in the 7th century, Jordan became an integral part of the burgeoning Islamic caliphates, witnessing the construction of mosques and the flourishing of Islamic scholarship. During the Crusades, the region was a site of conflict, with castles like Kerak and Montreal standing as silent witnesses to these battles. The Ottoman Empire ruled for centuries before the modern era, which saw the establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan under the Hashemite dynasty, eventually leading to the independent Kingdom of Jordan in 1946. The country has played a crucial role in regional diplomacy and has often served as a mediator in times of conflict, a testament to its strategic importance and the wisdom of its leadership.
Geographically, Jordan is a land of striking contrasts. The western part of the country is dominated by the fertile Jordan Valley, fed by the Jordan River, which forms a natural border with Israel and Palestine. This region is crucial for agriculture, producing fruits, vegetables, and olives. To the east, the landscape transforms into the vast, arid expanse of the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, characterized by rolling sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and dramatic canyons. The Dead Sea, the lowest point on Earth, is a unique geological marvel, its hypersaline waters offering buoyancy and therapeutic properties. To the south, the rugged mountains of Edom rise, offering spectacular vistas and harboring ancient sites. The climate is predominantly Mediterranean in the west, with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, while the eastern deserts experience extreme temperatures and very little rainfall. This diverse geography influences everything from the country’s agricultural output to its tourism offerings, providing a dramatic backdrop for exploration and adventure.
The Jordanian economy is a developing one, with a growing emphasis on tourism, services, and mining. Phosphate and potash mining are significant industries, with Jordan being a major global exporter of these minerals. The country has also made strides in developing its renewable energy sector, particularly solar and wind power, seeking to reduce its reliance on imported fossil fuels. Tourism is a cornerstone of the Jordanian economy, attracting visitors from around the globe to its historical and natural wonders. The service sector, including hospitality and retail, is expanding to support this vital industry. However, Jordan faces economic challenges, including a high national debt and unemployment rates, particularly among youth. The government is actively pursuing economic reforms and seeking foreign investment to stimulate growth and create job opportunities. The strategic location of Jordan also makes it an important hub for trade and logistics in the region.
Jordan’s tourist attractions are world-renowned and offer a compelling reason to visit. Petra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is undoubtedly the crown jewel. This ancient Nabataean city, carved directly into vibrant sandstone cliffs, is a breathtaking spectacle. The Treasury (Al-Khazneh) and the Monastery (Ad-Deir) are iconic structures that evoke a sense of awe and wonder. Beyond Petra, the desert wilderness of Wadi Rum beckons. This vast, moon-like landscape, with its towering sandstone mountains, red sand dunes, and ancient petroglyphs, offers unparalleled opportunities for jeep tours, camel rides, and stargazing. The ancient Roman city of Jerash is another must-see, boasting remarkably preserved ruins that transport visitors back to the height of the Roman Empire. The Dead Sea provides a unique relaxation experience, allowing visitors to float effortlessly in its mineral-rich waters and indulge in therapeutic mud treatments. For those seeking a glimpse into religious history, Mount Nebo offers panoramic views of the Promised Land, the same vista Moses is said to have seen. The capital city, Amman, is a vibrant metropolis with a rich history, featuring the Roman Theater, the Citadel with its ancient ruins and archaeological museum, and bustling souks. The crusader castles of Karak and Montreal offer insights into the region’s medieval past. The coastal city of Aqaba, on the Red Sea, is a popular destination for diving and snorkeling, with its vibrant coral reefs and marine life. The natural beauty of the Dana Biosphere Reserve provides opportunities for hiking and exploring diverse ecosystems. Each of these destinations, in its own way, tells a part of Jordan’s compelling story.
In conclusion, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a land that captivates the imagination. It is a country where history is not merely preserved in museums but is etched into the very landscape, from the rose-red city of Petra to the ancient Roman ruins of Jerash. Its people, known for their extraordinary hospitality, are the custodians of a rich cultural heritage that has been shaped by millennia of diverse influences. While Jordan navigates the complexities of the modern world, striving for economic development and regional stability, it remains deeply connected to its past. The dramatic desert vistas, the therapeutic waters of the Dead Sea, and the vibrant life of its cities all contribute to a unique and unforgettable travel experience. Jordan is more than just a destination; it is a journey through time, a testament to human resilience, and a land of enduring beauty and profound spirit.
Information about Jordan
The information comes from the publication CIA The World Factbook.
Automated text translation, excuse errors, please!
Country Jordan is situated in a location / continent Middle East. Jordan has an area of 89 342 km2 and 6 508 887 residents. The highest point has a height 1 734 above sea level. and it is called Jabal Ram. The lowest point is located at the level of -408 above sea level and it is named Dead Sea. System of government is constitutional monarchy and the date of independence 25th May 1946. The capital city is Amman. Jordan has the international abbreviation JO.
Jordan - economy
Total gross domestic product (GDP) is 37 370 000 000 $. Total gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power parity is 6 000 $. GDP grows by 2.50 % a year. Inflation (consumer price index) is equal to 4.40 % a year. Jordan have 1 771 000 working-age population (from a total population 6 508 887 people). Unemployment is at 12.30 %. Jordan issued 4.50 % GDP to healt care and 8,60 % GDP to army. The public debt of the country is 57.50 % GDP. The total amount of foreign debt is 7 644 000 000 USD.
Jordan - demography
As suggested above, Jordan has 6 508 887 people. Population growth is in the amount -0.97 % per year. Number of children born per 1000 population per year is 26.52.Every mother has average 3.36 children. The infant mortality rate is 15.83 and maternal mortality 63.00 deaths per 100,000 births. Average estimated life expectancy makes 80.18 years. Mortality is 2.74 people per 1000 population per year.
Jordan - transport and telecommunications
Jordan has 7 891 km of roads, 507 km of railway lines and 18 airports. There is registered 12 ships.
Number of active mobile phones (sim card) in the country Jordan is 7 483 000. Number of active fixed telephone lines is 465 400. Jordan has 1 642 000 internet users, who have the available 49 083 Internet connections. Jordan has been assigned a domain first Choose range .jo.
Jordan - energetics
Jordan consumes a year 11 640 000 000 kWh of electricity. Annual electricity production is 13 420 000 000 kWh in power plants with a total installed electrical capacity 2 616 000 kW. Jordan exports 139 000 000 kWh and imports 383 000 000 kWh of electricity per year Energy mix of power generation is as follows: fossil fuels: 99.3 %, nuclear energy: 0 %, renewable: 0.2 %, hydropower: 0.5 %. The country Jordan is harvested annually 20 barrels of oil.
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