Yemen
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Yemen
Yemen: A Land of Ancient Wonders and Enduring Resilience
Yemen, a nation perched on the southwestern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, is a land steeped in a history as profound and complex as its rugged terrain. Often overshadowed by its more prominent neighbours, Yemen possesses a unique cultural tapestry, a rich archaeological heritage, and a geography that transitions dramatically from coastal plains to towering mountains. For millennia, it has stood as a crossroads of ancient trade routes, a cradle of early civilizations, and a testament to the enduring spirit of its people. Understanding Yemen requires delving into its ancient past, appreciating its diverse landscapes, and acknowledging the challenges it has faced and continues to overcome.
The population of Yemen is predominantly Arab, with a strong sense of tribal identity deeply ingrained in the social fabric. The majority are Muslims, divided between the Sunni and Zaydi Shia branches, a distinction that has historically played a significant role in the countrys political and social dynamics. Beyond the dominant Arab population, there are also smaller ethnic and religious minorities, including the Muhamasheen, a marginalized community, and a scattering of Jewish communities, though their numbers have dwindled significantly over the decades. The Yemeni people are known for their hospitality, their deep connection to their land, and their resilience in the face of adversity. Their traditional way of life, particularly in rural areas, remains largely unchanged for centuries, with strong emphasis on family, community, and honour. This societal structure, while fostering strong bonds, can also present challenges in terms of national unity and modernization. Arabic is the official language, with various dialects spoken across the country. The urban centres, such as Sana’a, Aden, and Taiz, are vibrant hubs of commerce and culture, while the rural villages offer a glimpse into a more traditional and slower pace of life.
Yemens history is a chronicle of empires, trade, and cultural exchange. Its strategic location at the confluence of the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean made it a vital nexus for maritime trade routes connecting the Mediterranean world with Africa and Asia. Ancient kingdoms, such as the Sabaean Kingdom, flourished here, renowned for their sophisticated irrigation systems, particularly the Marib Dam, a marvel of ancient engineering that sustained agriculture in a largely arid region for over a thousand years. The Sabaeans, along with other ancient Yemeni kingdoms like Qataban and Himyar, controlled the lucrative incense trade, exporting frankincense and myrrh, highly prized commodities in the ancient world. This period of prosperity and influence lasted for centuries, leaving behind a rich legacy of archaeological sites and inscriptions. Later, Yemen came under the influence of various empires, including the Aksumites, Persians, and eventually the Islamic caliphates. The advent of Islam in the 7th century marked a new era, with Yemen becoming an important centre for Islamic scholarship and Sufism. Throughout the medieval period, various dynasties ruled parts of Yemen, each leaving their mark on the countrys architecture and cultural heritage. The Ottoman Empire exerted control over parts of Yemen for several centuries, followed by the British who established a protectorate in Aden in the late 19th century. This colonial past, coupled with internal tribal dynamics, has contributed to the complex political landscape Yemen navigates today. The 20th century saw Yemen unite, albeit with periods of tension, from its divided state into a single nation, facing internal conflicts and external pressures that have shaped its modern identity.
The geography of Yemen is as diverse as its history. The country can be broadly divided into several distinct regions. The Tihama, a hot and humid coastal plain along the Red Sea, is characterized by fertile land irrigated by wadis, supporting agriculture. Moving inland, the highlands rise dramatically, forming a rugged and mountainous spine that dominates the country. These highlands are home to fertile plateaus, deep canyons, and ancient terraced farming, a testament to the ingenuity of the Yemeni people in adapting to their environment. The highest peaks can reach over 3,000 meters, offering cooler temperatures and a stark contrast to the coastal heat. Beyond the highlands lie the Rub al Khali, or Empty Quarter, a vast and inhospitable desert region that stretches into Saudi Arabia and Oman, sparsely populated by nomadic tribes. Yemens coastline along the Arabian Sea is also significant, with the port city of Aden serving as a crucial natural harbour. The country is also home to the Socotra archipelago, a UNESCO World Heritage site renowned for its unique biodiversity and endemic species, often described as the Galapagos of the Indian Ocean. This geographical diversity influences everything from climate and agriculture to cultural practices and the distribution of its population.
Historically, Yemens economy has been heavily reliant on agriculture and trade. The cultivation of qat, a stimulant leaf, has become a dominant cash crop in recent decades, though its cultivation and consumption have significant social and economic implications, often diverting resources from other agricultural sectors. Other important agricultural products include dates, grains, fruits, and vegetables. Yemens rich history of trade has left it with a natural advantage in its port cities, with Aden historically being a major international shipping hub. However, the countrys industrial sector is relatively underdeveloped. Limited natural resources, coupled with decades of political instability and conflict, have hindered significant industrial growth. Fishing is an important activity along the coast, and there are some small-scale manufacturing industries, primarily focused on processing agricultural products and producing consumer goods. Yemen possesses some mineral resources, including salt, gypsum, and potentially oil and gas, though exploration and exploitation have been hampered by the ongoing conflict. The nations economy has been severely impacted by years of civil war, leading to widespread poverty, food insecurity, and a reliance on international aid.
Despite the challenges, Yemen boasts an extraordinary wealth of tourist attractions, deeply rooted in its ancient past and unique cultural heritage. The capital city, Sana’a, with its UNESCO World Heritage Old City, is a breathtaking sight. Its ancient buildings, characterized by their distinctive gingerbread-like architecture with intricate geometric patterns and stained-glass windows, evoke a sense of timelessness. The Bab al-Yaman, the main gate of the old city, is a bustling hub of activity, leading to labyrinthine souks filled with spices, handicrafts, and traditional Yemeni clothing. The Great Mosque of Sana’a, one of the oldest mosques in the world, is another significant landmark. Further afield, the ancient city of Marib, once the capital of the Sabaean Kingdom, offers glimpses of the magnificent Marib Dam and the remnants of ancient temples, hinting at the grandeur of a bygone era. The mountainous regions, particularly the region around Shibam, known as the Manhattan of the Desert, with its towering mud-brick skyscrapers, is another architectural marvel. The coastal city of Aden, with its historic British colonial architecture and volcanic crater lakes, offers a different facet of Yemeni history and geography. The Socotra archipelago, with its otherworldly landscapes and unique flora, including the iconic Dragons Blood Tree, is a natural paradise for eco-tourists and adventurers, though access and infrastructure remain challenging. The traditional Yemeni villages, nestled in the mountains and valleys, offer an authentic cultural experience, showcasing traditional music, dance, and daily life. However, the ongoing conflict has severely impacted the tourism sector, making travel to many of these sites unsafe and inaccessible for international visitors. The potential for Yemen to rebuild its tourism industry remains significant, given its unparalleled historical and natural attractions, but it hinges on achieving lasting peace and stability.
Information about Yemen
The information comes from the publication CIA The World Factbook.
Automated text translation, excuse errors, please!
Country Yemen is situated in a location / continent Middle East. Yemen has an area of 527 968 km2 and 24 771 809 residents. The highest point has a height 3 667 above sea level.. The lowest point is located at the level of 0 above sea level and it is named Arabian Sea. System of government is republic and the date of independence 22nd May 1990. The capital city is Sanaa. Yemen has the international abbreviation YM.
Yemen - economy
Total gross domestic product (GDP) is 58 710 000 000 $. Total gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power parity is 2 300 $. GDP grows by -10.50 % a year. Inflation (consumer price index) is equal to 20.00 % a year. Yemen have 7 030 000 working-age population (from a total population 24 771 809 people). Unemployment is at 35.00 %. Yemen issued 5.60 % GDP to healt care and 6,60 % GDP to army. The public debt of the country is 39.40 % GDP. The total amount of foreign debt is 6 613 000 000 USD.
Yemen - demography
As suggested above, Yemen has 24 771 809 people. Population growth is in the amount 2.58 % per year. Number of children born per 1000 population per year is 32.57.Every mother has average 4.45 children. The infant mortality rate is 53.50 and maternal mortality 200.00 deaths per 100,000 births. Average estimated life expectancy makes 64.11 years. Mortality is 6.82 people per 1000 population per year.
Yemen - transport and telecommunications
Yemen has 71 300 km of roads and 57 airports. There is registered 5 ships.
Number of active mobile phones (sim card) in the country Yemen is 11 085 000. Number of active fixed telephone lines is 1 046 000. Yemen has 2 349 000 internet users, who have the available 33 279 Internet connections. Yemen has been assigned a domain first Choose range .ye.
Yemen - energetics
Yemen consumes a year 4 700 000 000 kWh of electricity. Annual electricity production is 6 339 000 000 kWh in power plants with a total installed electrical capacity 1 330 000 kW. Yemen exports 0 kWh and imports 0 kWh of electricity per year Energy mix of power generation is as follows: fossil fuels: 100 %, nuclear energy: 0 %, renewable: 0.0 %, hydropower: 0.0 %. The country Yemen is harvested annually 162 100 barrels of oil.
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