Armenia
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Armenia
Armenia: A Land of Ancient Echoes and Enduring Spirit
Armenia, nestled in the rugged heart of the Armenian Highlands, is a land steeped in history, tradition, and a spirit that has weathered millennia of change. It is a nation that proudly claims to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited regions in the world, a testament to the resilience and enduring cultural identity of its people. This small, landlocked country, bordered by Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran, offers a captivating tapestry of dramatic landscapes, ancient monasteries, and a vibrant modern culture that is as rich and complex as its past.
The Armenian people, a proud and distinct ethnic group, form the vast majority of the countrys population. With a deep sense of national identity, they are bound together by a shared language, a unique alphabet, and a profound connection to their ancestral homeland. The Armenian Apostolic Church plays a central role in the cultural and spiritual life of the nation, its ancient churches and monasteries standing as silent witnesses to centuries of faith and devotion. This religious heritage is not merely historical; it is a living, breathing part of Armenian identity, shaping traditions, art, and the very fabric of society. Despite a history marked by periods of foreign domination and diaspora, the Armenian people have consistently strived to preserve their cultural heritage, a testament to their unwavering commitment to their roots. This strong sense of community and shared history is palpable throughout the country, from bustling city streets to remote mountain villages.
The history of Armenia is a saga of empires, kingdoms, and the constant struggle for sovereignty. Its strategic location at the crossroads of major trade routes and between powerful empires meant that Armenia often found itself caught in the geopolitical currents of the region. From the ancient Urartian kingdom to the glory of the Bagratuni dynasty, Armenia has experienced periods of remarkable prosperity and cultural flourishing. It was within the Armenian kingdom that Christianity was first adopted as the state religion in 301 AD, a pivotal moment that has profoundly shaped the nations identity and its relationship with the wider world. The subsequent centuries saw Armenia endure invasions from Persians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Seljuks, Mongols, and Ottomans. Despite these challenges, Armenian culture, language, and faith persisted, often finding refuge in the mountainous terrain and the strength of its diaspora communities. The 20th century brought further turmoil, including the devastating Armenian Genocide under the Ottoman Empire, a dark chapter that continues to shape the nations collective memory and its ongoing quest for international recognition. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Armenia regained its independence in 1991, embarking on a new chapter in its long and storied history.
Geographically, Armenia is a land of breathtaking contrasts and dramatic beauty. Dominated by the Armenian Highlands, the country is characterized by rugged mountains, deep gorges, and high-altitude plateaus. The iconic Mount Ararat, though currently located in Turkey, looms large in the Armenian consciousness, a powerful symbol of national identity and a constant reminder of their ancestral lands. The landscape is dotted with numerous crystal-clear alpine lakes, the most famous being Lake Sevan, often referred to as the Pearl of Armenia. This vast freshwater lake, situated at an elevation of over 1,900 meters, is a vital resource for the country, providing water, supporting a unique ecosystem, and offering stunning vistas. The countrys diverse topography supports a range of ecosystems, from alpine meadows to arid steppes, and its natural beauty has long been a source of inspiration for artists and poets. The climate varies significantly across the country, with hot, dry summers in the lowlands and cold, snowy winters in the mountains, offering a distinct experience depending on the season.
Despite its relatively small size and the challenges of its landlocked geography, Armenia has a diversified industrial base. Historically, mining has been a significant sector, with deposits of copper, molybdenum, gold, and other minerals contributing to the national economy. The country also boasts a growing manufacturing sector, producing goods ranging from textiles and machinery to electronics and beverages. The agricultural sector, while facing challenges due to the mountainous terrain and climate, remains important, with crops such as fruits, vegetables, and grains being cultivated. In recent years, Armenia has also been actively developing its IT sector, with a growing number of tech startups and a skilled workforce contributing to this burgeoning industry. The country is also a significant producer of brandy, with Armenian cognac renowned worldwide for its quality and distinctive flavor. Tourism is an increasingly important source of revenue, as the countrys rich history and natural beauty attract visitors from around the globe.
Armenia is a treasure trove of historical and cultural attractions, offering a journey through time for any visitor. The capital city, Yerevan, is a vibrant metropolis with a blend of Soviet-era architecture and modern design. The Republic Square, with its magnificent ensemble of buildings, including the National Gallery and the History Museum of Armenia, is a focal point of the city. The Cascade, a giant staircase adorned with sculptures and fountains, offers panoramic views of Yerevan and, on a clear day, Mount Ararat. However, it is the countrys ancient monasteries that truly capture the imagination. Geghard Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a marvel of medieval Armenian architecture, with parts of the monastery carved directly into the rock face. Noravank Monastery, nestled in a dramatic red rock canyon, is another breathtaking example of Armenian monastic architecture. Haghpat and Sanahin Monasteries, also UNESCO sites, showcase the harmonious integration of religious structures with their natural surroundings. The ancient ruins of Zvartnots Cathedral, once a magnificent example of early medieval Armenian architecture, stand as a testament to the countrys rich architectural heritage. The Matenadaran in Yerevan houses an extraordinary collection of ancient manuscripts, offering a glimpse into Armenias intellectual and artistic past. Beyond the historical sites, Armenias natural landscapes offer ample opportunities for exploration, from hiking in the mountains to enjoying the serene beauty of Lake Sevan. The warmth and hospitality of the Armenian people further enhance the experience, making a visit to this ancient land an unforgettable journey.
Information about Armenia
The information comes from the publication CIA The World Factbook.
Automated text translation, excuse errors, please!
Country Armenia is situated in a location / continent Middle East. Armenia has an area of 29 743 km2 and 2 970 495 residents. The highest point has a height 4 090 above sea level.. The lowest point is located at the level of 400 above sea level and it is named Debed River. System of government is republic.The capital city is Yerevan. Armenia has the international abbreviation AM.
Armenia - economy
Total gross domestic product (GDP) is 18 170 000 000 $. Total gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power parity is 5 500 $. GDP grows by 4.40 % a year. Inflation (consumer price index) is equal to 7.70 % a year. Armenia have 1 194 000 working-age population (from a total population 2 970 495 people). Unemployment is at 5.90 %. Armenia issued 4.70 % GDP to healt care and 2,80 % GDP to army. The public debt of the country is 38.60 % GDP. The total amount of foreign debt is 7 336 000 000 USD.
Armenia - demography
As suggested above, Armenia has 2 970 495 people. Population growth is in the amount 0.11 % per year. Number of children born per 1000 population per year is 12.90.Every mother has average 1.38 children. The infant mortality rate is 18.21 and maternal mortality 30.00 deaths per 100,000 births. Average estimated life expectancy makes 73.49 years. Mortality is 8.49 people per 1000 population per year.
Armenia - transport and telecommunications
Armenia has 8 888 km of roads, 869 km of railway lines and 11 airports.
Number of active mobile phones (sim card) in the country Armenia is 3 211 000. Number of active fixed telephone lines is 577 500. Armenia has 208 200 internet users, who have the available 192 541 Internet connections. Armenia has been assigned a domain first Choose range .am.
Armenia - energetics
Armenia consumes a year 5 800 000 000 kWh of electricity. Annual electricity production is 7 432 000 000 kWh in power plants with a total installed electrical capacity 3 173 000 kW. Armenia exports 1 360 000 000 kWh and imports 291 000 000 kWh of electricity per year Energy mix of power generation is as follows: fossil fuels: 53.3 %, nuclear energy: 11.8 %, renewable: 0.1 %, hydropower: 34.7 %.
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