Burma
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Burma
Burma, officially known as Myanmar, is a land of captivating contrasts, a nation where ancient traditions gracefully intertwine with the burgeoning realities of the modern world. Nestled in Southeast Asia, it shares borders with Bangladesh, India, China, Laos, and Thailand, a geographical positioning that has profoundly shaped its rich and complex history. The country’s moniker, Burma, is still widely used, though the military government officially changed it to Myanmar in 1989, a move met with mixed reception both domestically and internationally. This duality in naming often reflects the ongoing internal dialogues and shifts that characterize this enigmatic country. From the gilded pagodas that pierce the sky to the vibrant, bustling markets, Myanmar offers a sensory feast for any traveler, an experience that goes far beyond the surface and delves into the heart of its resilient people and their enduring culture.
The population of Myanmar is as diverse as its landscape, a mosaic of ethnic groups, each contributing to the nation’s unique cultural tapestry. The dominant ethnic group is the Bamar, who constitute roughly two-thirds of the population, primarily residing in the central plains and river valleys. However, Myanmar is home to numerous other significant ethnic minorities, including the Shan, Karen, Rakhine, Mon, Kachin, and Chin, each with their distinct languages, customs, and traditions. This ethnic diversity has historically been a source of both strength and tension, with periods of inter-ethnic harmony punctuated by conflict and political challenges. The official language is Burmese, spoken by the Bamar majority, but many minority languages are also spoken throughout the country. Buddhism, predominantly Theravada Buddhism, is the religion of the vast majority of the population, deeply ingrained in the daily lives and cultural practices of the people. The influence of Buddhism is evident in the ubiquitous presence of monasteries, pagodas, and the devout nature of the populace, contributing to a pervasive sense of spirituality and a strong emphasis on merit-making.
Myanmar’s history is a long and intricate saga, stretching back millennia. Ancient kingdoms like the Pyu and Bagan flourished, leaving behind an astonishing legacy of architectural marvels, most notably the thousands of temples and pagodas in the Bagan plains, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The Bagan Empire, which reached its zenith in the 11th and 12th centuries, is considered a golden age of Burmese civilization, marked by the widespread adoption of Buddhism and the construction of these iconic religious structures. Following the decline of Bagan, various dynasties rose and fell, including the Ava and Toungoo kingdoms, each leaving their mark on the nation’s political and cultural development. The British colonial era, beginning in the 19th century, dramatically altered the course of Burmese history. After three Anglo-Burmese Wars, Burma became a British colony, experiencing significant economic and social changes, including the influx of Indian and Chinese laborers and the imposition of new administrative systems. Independence was finally achieved on January 4, 1948, marking the beginning of a new, albeit often tumultuous, chapter. The post-independence period has been characterized by military rule, periods of democratic reform, and ongoing ethnic conflicts, creating a complex political landscape that continues to evolve.
Geographically, Myanmar is a land of dramatic landscapes, boasting a remarkable variety of terrains. It is a country of significant size, roughly equivalent to France, and is characterized by a long coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The central region is dominated by fertile river valleys, primarily the Irrawaddy, Chindwin, and Sittang rivers, which are the lifeblood of the nation’s agriculture and transportation. These plains are a major rice-producing area, contributing significantly to the country’s economy. To the north and east, the landscape rises into rugged mountain ranges, forming part of the Indo-Burmese border and the edge of the Tibetan Plateau. These highlands are home to many of the country’s ethnic minority groups and are characterized by dense forests, steep valleys, and a cooler climate. The western part of the country features the Rakhine Yoma mountain range, separating the coastal plains from the interior. Myanmar is also prone to natural disasters, including earthquakes, floods, and cyclones, which have historically posed significant challenges to its development. The diverse geography has fostered distinct regional cultures and economies, further enriching the nation’s complexity.
The economy of Myanmar has historically been largely agrarian, with rice cultivation being the cornerstone. However, the country possesses significant natural resources, including oil, natural gas, timber, tin, copper, and precious stones like jade and rubies. In recent decades, there has been a gradual shift towards industrialization and a greater integration into the global economy, particularly following the period of political and economic reforms that began in the early 2010s. Key industries include agriculture, mining, and increasingly, manufacturing, particularly in sectors like garment production. Tourism, though impacted by political events, holds immense potential, given the country’s rich cultural heritage and natural beauty. However, economic development has been uneven, and challenges remain, including infrastructure development, corruption, and the need for equitable distribution of wealth. The country’s economic trajectory is closely tied to its political stability and its ability to attract foreign investment and foster sustainable growth.
Myanmar offers a wealth of tourist attractions, each promising a unique and unforgettable experience. The ancient city of Bagan is undoubtedly the crown jewel, with its awe-inspiring plains dotted with over 2,000 temples, pagodas, and stupas, dating back to the 9th to 13th centuries. Sunrise or sunset over these magnificent structures, as the mist rises from the Irrawaddy River, is a truly magical sight. Yangon, the former capital, is a bustling metropolis that blends colonial architecture with vibrant street life. The magnificent Shwedagon Pagoda, a gilded Buddhist stupa that is said to enshrine relics of the Buddha, is a spiritual and architectural marvel. Mandalay, the last royal capital, offers a glimpse into traditional Burmese life, with its royal palace, numerous monasteries, and the iconic U Bein Bridge, the world’s longest teak bridge. Further afield, Inle Lake, a vast freshwater lake, is renowned for its unique leg-rowing fishermen and floating gardens, offering a serene and picturesque escape. The pristine beaches of Ngapali and Mergui Archipelago provide opportunities for relaxation and water sports. For the adventurous, trekking through the mountainous regions inhabited by various ethnic minorities, such as the Shan State or Kachin State, offers cultural immersion and breathtaking natural beauty. Each destination in Myanmar provides a distinct window into the country’s soul, from its spiritual heart to its vibrant cultural expressions and its stunning natural landscapes.
Information about Burma
The information comes from the publication CIA The World Factbook.
Automated text translation, excuse errors, please!
Country Burma is situated in a location / continent East Asia. Burma has an area of 676 578 km2 and 54 584 650 residents. The highest point has a height 5 881 above sea level. and it is called Hkakabo Razi. The lowest point is located at the level of 0 above sea level and it is named Andaman Sea. System of government is The military junta and the date of independence 4th January 1948. The capital city is Rangoon (Yangon). Burma has the international abbreviation BM.
Burma - economy
Total gross domestic product (GDP) is 83 740 000 000 $. Total gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power parity is 1 300 $. GDP grows by 5.50 % a year. Inflation (consumer price index) is equal to 5.20 % a year. Burma have 32 530 000 working-age population (from a total population 54 584 650 people). Unemployment is at 5.50 %. Burma issued 2.00 % GDP to healt care and 2,10 % GDP to army. The total amount of foreign debt is 5 811 000 000 USD.
Burma - demography
As suggested above, Burma has 54 584 650 people. Population growth is in the amount 1.07 % per year. Number of children born per 1000 population per year is 19.11.Every mother has average 2.23 children. The infant mortality rate is 47.74 and maternal mortality 200.00 deaths per 100,000 births. Average estimated life expectancy makes 65.24 years. Mortality is 8.10 people per 1000 population per year.
Burma - transport and telecommunications
Burma has 27 000 km of roads, 5 031 km of railway lines and 74 airports. The total length of waterways (navigable rivers, canals, etc.) is 12 800 km. There is registered 29 ships.
Number of active mobile phones (sim card) in the country Burma is 1 244 000. Number of active fixed telephone lines is 521 100. Burma has 110 000 internet users, who have the available 1 033 Internet connections. Burma has been assigned a domain first Choose range .mm.
Burma - energetics
Burma consumes a year 3 794 000 000 kWh of electricity. Annual electricity production is 5 708 000 000 kWh in power plants with a total installed electrical capacity 1 860 000 kW. Burma exports 0 kWh and imports 0 kWh of electricity per year Energy mix of power generation is as follows: fossil fuels: 67.7 %, nuclear energy: 0 %, renewable: 0.0 %, hydropower: 32.3 %. The country Burma is harvested annually 20 200 barrels of oil.
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