Egypt
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Egypt
Egypt, a land steeped in millennia of history and cradled by the life-giving Nile River, stands as a testament to human ingenuity and the enduring power of civilization. This North African nation, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west, is a country of stark contrasts, where ancient wonders coexist with the vibrant pulse of modern life. Its strategic location has long made it a crossroads of cultures and a focal point of global trade and influence, shaping its unique identity and rich tapestry of traditions.
The demographic landscape of Egypt is dominated by a youthful and rapidly growing population. With over 100 million inhabitants, it is the most populous Arab country and the third most populous on the African continent. The vast majority of Egyptians live along the narrow, fertile strip of land that follows the course of the Nile River, known as the Nile Valley and Delta. This region, comprising only about 5% of Egypt’s total land area, is where the country’s agricultural heartland and its major urban centers, including the sprawling metropolis of Cairo, are located. Outside of this verdant corridor, the vast deserts of Libya and Arabia stretch for hundreds of kilometers, sparsely populated by nomadic communities and a few scattered oases. This stark geographical dichotomy profoundly influences settlement patterns and resource distribution, with the Nile’s waters being the ultimate arbiter of life and prosperity. The population is predominantly of Arab descent, with a significant minority of Nubians in the south, Berbers along the western desert, and smaller communities of other ethnic groups. Islam is the dominant religion, with the vast majority of the population being Sunni Muslims, while a substantial Coptic Christian minority also contributes to the nation’s religious diversity. Arabic is the official language, though various dialects are spoken, and English and French are commonly understood in tourist areas and among the educated elite.
Egypt’s history is an epic saga that stretches back to the dawn of civilization. The ancient Egyptians, renowned for their monumental architecture, sophisticated hieroglyphic writing, and advanced understanding of astronomy and mathematics, established one of the world’s earliest complex societies. The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt around 3100 BCE marked the beginning of the dynastic period, which saw the rise and fall of numerous pharaonic dynasties, the construction of the iconic pyramids at Giza, the majestic temples of Luxor and Karnak, and the flourishing of a rich artistic and religious culture. This golden age, however, was followed by periods of foreign domination, including the Hyksos, Persians, Greeks, and Romans. The Roman conquest in 30 BCE brought Egypt under the rule of the Roman Empire, and it was during this period that Christianity began to spread throughout the land. The Arab conquest in the 641 CE ushered in a new era, with Egypt becoming a vital part of the Islamic world. The country then experienced the rule of various caliphates and dynasties, including the Fatimids, Ayyubids, and Mamluks, each leaving their indelible mark on Egypt’s architecture, culture, and governance. The Ottoman Empire then controlled Egypt for centuries, until Napoleon Bonaparte’s invasion in 1798, which, though militarily unsuccessful, had a profound impact on Egypt’s intellectual and political landscape, sparking a period of modernization and nationalist awakening. The 19th and 20th centuries witnessed further significant transformations, including the construction of the Suez Canal, a pivotal moment in global trade, and Egypt’s struggle for independence from British influence, which was ultimately achieved in 1922, though British troops remained until 1956. The establishment of the Republic of Egypt in 1953, following a military coup, marked a new chapter in its modern history, characterized by pan-Arabism, significant social reforms, and ongoing geopolitical engagement.
The geography of Egypt is characterized by its dramatic desert landscapes and the life-sustaining Nile River. The country can be broadly divided into several distinct regions. The Nile Valley and Delta, as mentioned, is the most fertile and densely populated area, representing the agricultural backbone of the nation. To the west lies the vast Libyan Desert, an extension of the Sahara, characterized by rolling sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and scattered oases. To the east, the Arabian Desert stretches to the Red Sea, a more mountainous and rugged terrain, dotted with wadis (dry riverbeds) and mineral deposits. The Sinai Peninsula, a triangular landmass separating Africa from Asia, is a region of dramatic mountain ranges, including Mount Sinai, and arid plains, with its southern coast boasting some of the world’s most vibrant coral reefs. The Red Sea coast is a popular destination for diving and snorkeling, offering a glimpse into a rich marine ecosystem. Egypt’s climate is predominantly hot and dry, with long, scorching summers and mild winters, especially in the southern regions. Rainfall is scarce across most of the country, with the Mediterranean coast receiving slightly more precipitation.
Egypt’s economy is a mixed one, with a significant role played by the government. The country has a diverse industrial base, though agriculture remains a vital sector, with crops such as cotton, rice, corn, and sugarcane being cultivated along the Nile. The Suez Canal is a crucial source of revenue, generating substantial income from shipping tolls. Tourism is another cornerstone of the Egyptian economy, attracting millions of visitors annually to its ancient sites and Red Sea resorts. The country also has significant natural resources, including oil and natural gas, which contribute to its export earnings. Manufacturing industries, including textiles, food processing, and chemicals, are also developing. However, Egypt faces economic challenges, including a large informal sector, high unemployment rates, particularly among youth, and the need for continued investment in infrastructure and education. The government has been implementing economic reforms aimed at attracting foreign investment and fostering sustainable growth.
The tourist attractions of Egypt are legendary, drawing visitors from every corner of the globe. The iconic Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx are perhaps the most recognizable symbols of ancient Egypt, standing as enduring testaments to the architectural prowess of the pharaohs. The Valley of the Kings, near Luxor, is the burial site of many New Kingdom pharaohs, including Tutankhamun, whose tomb’s discovery captivated the world. The magnificent temples of Karnak and Luxor, with their colossal columns and intricate hieroglyphs, offer a profound glimpse into the religious and political life of ancient Egypt. A cruise along the Nile River is a quintessential Egyptian experience, allowing visitors to witness the timeless beauty of the landscape and explore ancient sites like the temples of Edfu and Kom Ombo. Beyond the ancient wonders, the Red Sea coast, with its crystalline waters and vibrant coral reefs, offers unparalleled opportunities for diving, snorkeling, and relaxation. The bustling city of Cairo, with its labyrinthine Khan el-Khalili bazaar, the Egyptian Museum, and the Citadel of Saladin, provides a vibrant immersion into modern Egyptian life, juxtaposed with its rich historical heritage. The serene beauty of the desert, with its vast expanses and the allure of a starry night sky, also holds a unique charm for adventurous travelers.
In conclusion, Egypt is a land of profound historical significance, breathtaking natural beauty, and a resilient people. From the grandeur of its ancient past to the dynamism of its present, Egypt continues to captivate and inspire, offering a journey through time and a glimpse into one of the world’s most enduring civilizations. Its strategic location, rich cultural heritage, and diverse attractions ensure its continued importance on the global stage, both historically and in the contemporary world.
Information about Egypt
The information comes from the publication CIA The World Factbook.
Automated text translation, excuse errors, please!
Country Egypt is situated in a location / continent Africa. Egypt has an area of 1 001 450 km2 and 83 688 164 residents. The highest point has a height 2 629 above sea level. and it is called Mount Catherine. The lowest point is located at the level of -133 above sea level and it is named Qattara Depression. System of government is republic and the date of independence 28th February 1922. The capital city is Cairo. Egypt has the international abbreviation EG.
Egypt - economy
Total gross domestic product (GDP) is 525 600 000 000 $. Total gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power parity is 6 600 $. GDP grows by 1.80 % a year. Inflation (consumer price index) is equal to 10.20 % a year. Egypt have 27 740 000 working-age population (from a total population 83 688 164 people). Unemployment is at 12.20 %. Egypt issued 6.40 % GDP to healt care and 3,40 % GDP to army. The public debt of the country is 83.40 % GDP. The total amount of foreign debt is 33 740 000 000 USD.
Egypt - demography
As suggested above, Egypt has 83 688 164 people. Population growth is in the amount 1.92 % per year. Number of children born per 1000 population per year is 24.22.Every mother has average 2.94 children. The infant mortality rate is 24.23 and maternal mortality 66.00 deaths per 100,000 births. Average estimated life expectancy makes 72.93 years. Mortality is 4.80 people per 1000 population per year.
Egypt - transport and telecommunications
Egypt has 65 050 km of roads, 5 083 km of railway lines and 84 airports. The total length of waterways (navigable rivers, canals, etc.) is 3 500 km. There is registered 67 ships.
Number of active mobile phones (sim card) in the country Egypt is 83 425 000. Number of active fixed telephone lines is 8 714 000. Egypt has 20 136 000 internet users, who have the available 200 336 Internet connections. Egypt has been assigned a domain first Choose range .eg.
Egypt - energetics
Egypt consumes a year 115 800 000 000 kWh of electricity. Annual electricity production is 136 600 000 000 kWh in power plants with a total installed electrical capacity 24 670 000 kW. Egypt exports 1 118 000 000 kWh and imports 183 000 000 kWh of electricity per year Energy mix of power generation is as follows: fossil fuels: 86.9 %, nuclear energy: 0 %, renewable: 1.7 %, hydropower: 11.4 %. The country Egypt is harvested annually 711 500 barrels of oil.
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