Guinea-Bissau
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Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau: A Land of Untamed Beauty and Rich History
Guinea-Bissau, officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, is a West African nation that often flies under the radar of mainstream tourism. Yet, this small country, carved out of the former Portuguese colony of Portuguese Guinea, possesses a captivating charm, a tumultuous history, and a natural landscape of remarkable diversity. It is a land where dense rainforests meet the Atlantic Ocean, where ancient traditions intertwine with the echoes of colonial rule, and where the spirit of its people, despite facing numerous challenges, remains resilient and vibrant. Understanding Guinea-Bissau requires delving into its complex past, appreciating its unique geography, and acknowledging the aspirations of its population.
The demographic tapestry of Guinea-Bissau is as rich and varied as its landscapes. The country is home to a population of approximately 1.9 million people, with a significant portion residing in rural areas. The ethnic mosaic is composed of numerous groups, each with its own distinct language, customs, and traditions. Among the most prominent are the Fula, known for their pastoralism and strong Islamic faith, and the Mandinka, whose rich oral traditions and historical influence are deeply ingrained in the region. Other significant ethnic groups include the Balanta, who are traditionally agriculturalists and animists, and the Manjak, renowned for their intricate artistry and seafaring skills. This diversity, while a source of cultural richness, has also, at times, contributed to internal tensions. The official language is Portuguese, a legacy of its colonial past, but it is spoken by a minority. The vast majority of the population communicates in a multitude of indigenous languages and Kriol, a Portuguese-based creole that serves as the lingua franca. This linguistic diversity underscores the intricate social fabric of the nation. The population is predominantly young, with a large proportion of individuals under the age of 25, presenting both opportunities and challenges for future development.
The history of Guinea-Bissau is a compelling narrative of migration, trade, resistance, and independence. For centuries, the region was a vital hub along trans-Saharan trade routes, with powerful empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai exerting influence. The arrival of the Portuguese in the 15th century marked a significant turning point, transforming Guinea-Bissau into a crucial center for the transatlantic slave trade. The Portuguese established trading posts and forts, exploiting the regions resources and manpower for centuries. The struggle for independence was long and arduous. The African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), led by the charismatic Amílcar Cabral, launched a protracted guerrilla war against Portuguese colonial rule in the 1960s. Cabral’s vision of a unified, independent nation, free from colonial oppression, inspired a generation. After years of intense fighting, Guinea-Bissau finally declared its independence in 1973, though full international recognition and the withdrawal of Portuguese forces came later. The post-independence era, however, has been marked by political instability, coups détat, and economic challenges, often exacerbated by external factors and internal power struggles. Despite these difficulties, the memory of the liberation struggle and the ideals of Amílcar Cabral continue to shape the national identity and aspirations for a more stable and prosperous future.
Geographically, Guinea-Bissau is a land of striking contrasts and natural beauty. It is situated on the Atlantic coast of West Africa, bordered by Senegal to the north and Guinea to the east and south. The countrys coastline is a complex network of estuaries, mangrove swamps, and a scattering of small islands, most notably the Bijagós Archipelago. This archipelago, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, is a haven for biodiversity, boasting unique wildlife, including hippos that have adapted to a saltwater environment, and a rich array of bird species. The interior of the country is characterized by low-lying plains, savannas, and dense tropical rainforests, particularly in the eastern regions. The country is crisscrossed by several rivers, including the Cacheu, Geba, and Corubal, which are vital for transportation, irrigation, and fishing. The climate is tropical, with a distinct wet season from May to October and a dry season from November to April. The humidity is high throughout the year, and temperatures remain consistently warm. This diverse geography provides a wealth of natural resources, though their sustainable exploitation remains a significant challenge. The vast mangrove forests, for instance, are crucial ecosystems that protect the coastline and support marine life, but they are also vulnerable to environmental degradation.
The economy of Guinea-Bissau is largely agrarian, with a significant portion of the population relying on subsistence farming for their livelihoods. Cashew nuts have emerged as the countrys primary export commodity, often accounting for the largest share of its foreign exchange earnings. Other important agricultural products include rice, cassava, palm oil, and groundnuts. Fishing is another vital sector, with the countrys extensive coastline and rich marine resources offering significant potential for both domestic consumption and export. However, the fishing industry faces challenges related to illegal fishing and the need for sustainable management practices. The industrial sector is underdeveloped, with limited manufacturing capacity. Small-scale processing of agricultural products and artisanal crafts represent the main industrial activities. The informal economy plays a substantial role in daily life, with many individuals engaged in small-scale trading and services. Guinea-Bissau faces considerable economic hurdles, including a high poverty rate, limited infrastructure, and a reliance on international aid. Efforts are underway to diversify the economy, promote investment, and improve the business environment, but progress is often hampered by political instability and structural challenges.
Despite its economic challenges, Guinea-Bissau offers a wealth of unique tourist attractions for the adventurous traveler seeking an authentic experience. The Bijagós Archipelago stands out as a premier destination. Its pristine beaches, untouched natural beauty, and diverse wildlife make it a paradise for eco-tourists and nature enthusiasts. The islands offer opportunities for birdwatching, dolphin spotting, and exploring vibrant coral reefs. The cultural heritage of the Bijagós people, with their unique traditions and artistic expressions, adds another layer of allure. Beyond the archipelago, the countrys interior holds its own charm. Historical towns like Bissau, the capital, with its colonial-era architecture, and Cacheu, a former Portuguese trading post, offer glimpses into the nations past. The vibrant local markets, teeming with colorful produce and artisanal crafts, provide an immersive cultural experience. For those interested in wildlife, venturing into the rainforests can reveal a variety of species, though guided tours are essential for safety and environmental protection. The country’s natural beauty, from its lush vegetation to its dramatic coastline, is its greatest asset. However, tourism infrastructure is still in its nascent stages, and visitors should be prepared for a more rustic and adventurous travel experience. The lack of extensive tourist facilities also means that Guinea-Bissau remains a destination for those who value authenticity and a genuine connection with the local culture and environment.
In conclusion, Guinea-Bissau is a nation of immense potential, characterized by its rich cultural heritage, diverse natural landscapes, and the enduring spirit of its people. From the untamed beauty of the Bijagós Archipelago to the historical echoes of its colonial past, the country offers a compelling narrative. While it faces significant challenges, including economic vulnerability and political instability, its resilience and the aspirations of its population for a brighter future are undeniable. For those willing to look beyond the headlines and embrace a journey of discovery, Guinea-Bissau promises an unforgettable experience, a glimpse into a corner of the world that remains wonderfully, and profoundly, authentic. Its story is still being written, and the world watches with hope for its continued development and the realization of its full potential.
Information about Guinea-Bissau
The information comes from the publication CIA The World Factbook.
Automated text translation, excuse errors, please!
Country Guinea-Bissau is situated in a location / continent Africa. Guinea-Bissau has an area of 36 125 km2 and 1 628 603 residents. The highest point has a height 300 above sea level. and it is called bezejmenné místo v severní části země.. The lowest point is located at the level of 0 above sea level and it is named Atlantic Ocean. System of government is republic and the date of independence 24th September 1973. The capital city is Bissau. Guinea-Bissau has the international abbreviation PU.
Guinea-Bissau - economy
Total gross domestic product (GDP) is 1 950 000 000 $. Total gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power parity is 1 200 $. GDP grows by 5.30 % a year. Inflation (consumer price index) is equal to 5.00 % a year. Guinea-Bissau have 632 700 working-age population (from a total population 1 628 603 people). Guinea-Bissau issued 8.10 % GDP to healt care and 1,10 % GDP to army. The total amount of foreign debt is 1 095 000 000 USD.
Guinea-Bissau - demography
As suggested above, Guinea-Bissau has 1 628 603 people. Population growth is in the amount 1.97 % per year. Number of children born per 1000 population per year is 34.72.Every mother has average 4.44 children. The infant mortality rate is 94.40 and maternal mortality 790.00 deaths per 100,000 births. Average estimated life expectancy makes 49.11 years. Mortality is 15.01 people per 1000 population per year.
Guinea-Bissau - transport and telecommunications
Guinea-Bissau has 3 455 km of roads and 8 airports.
Number of active mobile phones (sim card) in the country Guinea-Bissau is 401 900. Number of active fixed telephone lines is 5 000. Guinea-Bissau has 37 100 internet users, who have the available 86 Internet connections. Guinea-Bissau has been assigned a domain first Choose range .gw.
Guinea-Bissau - energetics
Guinea-Bissau consumes a year 60 450 000 kWh of electricity. Annual electricity production is 65 000 000 kWh in power plants with a total installed electrical capacity 21 000 kW. Guinea-Bissau exports 0 kWh and imports 0 kWh of electricity per year Energy mix of power generation is as follows: fossil fuels: 100 %, nuclear energy: 0 %, renewable: 0.0 %, hydropower: 0.0 %.
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