Uganda
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Uganda
Uganda: The Pearl of Africa
Uganda, often poetically referred to as the „Pearl of Africa,“ is a landlocked country located in East Africa. Its name derives from the ancient kingdom of Buganda, which once encompassed a large portion of the southern part of the country. This vibrant nation, blessed with an incredibly diverse landscape and a rich tapestry of cultures, is a destination that captivates the soul. From the snow-capped peaks of the Rwenzori Mountains to the vast savannahs teeming with wildlife, and the serene waters of Lake Victoria, Uganda offers an unparalleled experience for those seeking adventure, cultural immersion, and breathtaking natural beauty. The countrys strategic location, bordering Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and South Sudan, has historically placed it at a crossroads of trade and cultural exchange, shaping its unique identity. The equator bisects Uganda, contributing to its consistently warm climate, which varies slightly with altitude. This equatorial position also influences its diverse ecosystems, supporting a remarkable array of flora and fauna, making it a prime destination for ecotourism and wildlife safaris.
The population of Uganda is as diverse as its geography, comprised of over 50 indigenous ethnic groups, each with its own distinct language, customs, and traditions. The largest and historically most influential group is the Baganda, who inhabit the Buganda kingdom in the central region. Other significant ethnic groups include the Banyankole, Bakiga, Iteso, and Langi, among many others. This rich mosaic of peoples contributes to Uganda’s vibrant cultural scene, evident in its music, dance, art, and storytelling. The official languages are English and Swahili, though Luganda is widely spoken in the central regions. English serves as the language of government and education, facilitating communication across the diverse linguistic landscape. The population is predominantly young, with a significant proportion under the age of 30, presenting both opportunities and challenges for development and employment. This youthful demographic is a driving force for innovation and change within the country. Religious affiliations are varied, with Christianity being the dominant religion, followed by Islam and indigenous beliefs. The harmonious coexistence of these different faiths is a testament to the Ugandan spirit of tolerance and unity.
Ugandas history is a complex narrative of ancient kingdoms, colonial rule, and post-independence struggles. The region has been inhabited for millennia, with evidence of early human settlements dating back thousands of years. The emergence of powerful kingdoms, such as Buganda, Bunyoro, and Ankole, marked a significant period of political and social organization, with sophisticated administrative structures and complex social hierarchies. These kingdoms flourished for centuries, developing distinct cultural identities and engaging in both conflict and cooperation with neighboring polities. The arrival of European explorers in the late 19th century ushered in a new era of change. In 1894, Uganda became a British protectorate, a period that brought about significant administrative reforms, the introduction of new economic systems, and the construction of infrastructure. While British rule brought some modernization, it also imposed foreign governance structures and exploited the countrys resources. Following World War II, the movement for independence gained momentum, culminating in Uganda achieving self-governance on October 9, 1962. The initial years of independence were marked by political instability and internal conflicts. The Idi Amin regime, from 1971 to 1979, remains a dark chapter in Ugandan history, characterized by widespread human rights abuses and economic devastation. The subsequent years saw efforts to rebuild and stabilize the nation, with a focus on democratic governance and economic recovery. The election of Yoweri Museveni in 1986 marked a turning point, ushering in a period of relative peace and economic growth, though challenges related to governance and human rights persist.
Geographically, Uganda is a land of extraordinary diversity and natural beauty. It is characterized by a high plateau, averaging about 1,100 meters (3,600 feet) above sea level, which slopes downwards towards the Nile River in the north and east. The country is dominated by Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa and the second-largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area. This vast body of water is a crucial source of freshwater, supports significant biodiversity, and is vital for transportation and fishing. The source of the Nile River, one of the worlds longest rivers, is located in Jinja, Uganda, a testament to the countrys significant hydrological importance. To the west, the majestic Rwenzori Mountains, also known as the Mountains of the Moon, form a dramatic natural border with the Democratic Republic of Congo. These glaciated peaks, reaching heights of over 5,000 meters (16,400 feet), offer challenging trekking opportunities and harbor unique alpine ecosystems. Uganda also boasts numerous other lakes, including Lake Albert, Lake Edward, and Lake Kyoga, each contributing to the countrys rich aquatic biodiversity. The countrys diverse landscapes include lush tropical rainforests, fertile agricultural lands, vast savannahs, and arid scrublands, supporting an incredible array of wildlife. The national parks and wildlife reserves are a testament to Ugandas commitment to conservation, protecting a significant portion of its natural heritage.
The Ugandan economy is primarily driven by agriculture, which employs the majority of the workforce and contributes significantly to the countrys GDP. Cash crops such as coffee, tea, cotton, and tobacco are major exports, providing vital foreign exchange. Subsistence farming remains crucial for food security, with staples like bananas, cassava, and maize forming the backbone of the diet for many Ugandans. In recent years, the country has seen a growing emphasis on diversifying its economy, with a focus on developing the services sector, including tourism, telecommunications, and finance. The discovery of significant oil reserves in the Albertine Graben region has also opened up new avenues for economic growth and development, though careful management and equitable distribution of revenues are crucial for long-term prosperity. The government is actively seeking foreign investment to boost industrialization, with sectors like manufacturing, construction, and mining showing potential for expansion. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited access to capital, and a skilled labor shortage need to be addressed to fully realize the countrys economic potential. The informal sector also plays a significant role in the economy, providing employment and income for a large segment of the population.
Uganda is a treasure trove of tourist attractions, offering experiences that cater to a wide range of interests. The most iconic attraction is undoubtedly Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its population of endangered mountain gorillas. Trekking through the dense rainforest to encounter these magnificent creatures in their natural habitat is an unforgettable and deeply moving experience. Another prime destination for wildlife viewing is Queen Elizabeth National Park, which boasts a diverse range of habitats, including savannah, wetlands, and forests. Here, visitors can spot lions, elephants, hippos, leopards, and an astonishing array of birdlife. The park is also famous for its tree-climbing lions in the Ishasha sector. For those seeking chimpanzee encounters, Kibale National Park is the premier destination, offering excellent opportunities for chimpanzee trekking and observing other primate species. The source of the Nile River in Jinja is a popular spot for adventure activities, including white-water rafting on the Nile, kayaking, and bungee jumping, attracting thrill-seekers from around the globe. The majestic Rwenzori Mountains provide unparalleled trekking and mountaineering opportunities for experienced adventurers, with stunning glacial landscapes and diverse flora. Cultural tourism is also a burgeoning sector, with opportunities to visit traditional villages, learn about local crafts, and witness vibrant cultural performances, offering a deeper understanding of Ugandas rich heritage. The capital city, Kampala, is a bustling metropolis with historical sites like the Kasubi Tombs (another UNESCO World Heritage Site, though currently undergoing restoration), the Uganda Museum, and vibrant markets, offering a glimpse into modern Ugandan life. The serene beauty of Lake Mburo National Park, with its zebras, impalas, and diverse birdlife, provides a more relaxed wildlife viewing experience. The Murchison Falls National Park, named after the powerful waterfall where the Nile River squeezes through a narrow gorge, offers boat trips to the base of the falls and opportunities to see elephants, giraffes, and lions. Ugandas commitment to conservation and its breathtaking natural beauty make it a must-visit destination for any discerning traveler.
Information about Uganda
The information comes from the publication CIA The World Factbook.
Automated text translation, excuse errors, please!
Country Uganda is situated in a location / continent Africa. Uganda has an area of 241 038 km2 and 33 640 833 residents. The highest point has a height 5 110 above sea level. and it is called Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley. The lowest point is located at the level of 621 above sea level and it is named Lake Albert. System of government is republic and the date of independence 9th October 1962. The capital city is Kampala. Uganda has the international abbreviation UG.
Uganda - economy
Total gross domestic product (GDP) is 46 960 000 000 $. Total gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power parity is 1 300 $. GDP grows by 6.70 % a year. Inflation (consumer price index) is equal to 18.70 % a year. Uganda have 16 020 000 working-age population (from a total population 33 640 833 people). Uganda issued 8.20 % GDP to healt care and 2,20 % GDP to army. The public debt of the country is 23.50 % GDP. The total amount of foreign debt is 3 528 000 000 USD.
Uganda - demography
As suggested above, Uganda has 33 640 833 people. Population growth is in the amount 3.58 % per year. Number of children born per 1000 population per year is 47.38.Every mother has average 6.14 children. The infant mortality rate is 61.22 and maternal mortality 310.00 deaths per 100,000 births. Average estimated life expectancy makes 53.45 years. Mortality is 11.54 people per 1000 population per year.
Uganda - transport and telecommunications
Uganda has 70 746 km of roads, 1 244 km of railway lines and 46 airports.
Number of active mobile phones (sim card) in the country Uganda is 12 828 000. Number of active fixed telephone lines is 327 100. Uganda has 3 200 000 internet users, who have the available 33 082 Internet connections. Uganda has been assigned a domain first Choose range .ug.
Uganda - energetics
Uganda consumes a year 2 217 000 000 kWh of electricity. Annual electricity production is 2 445 000 000 kWh in power plants with a total installed electrical capacity 529 000 kW. Uganda exports 75 000 000 kWh and imports 29 000 000 kWh of electricity per year Energy mix of power generation is as follows: fossil fuels: 37.8 %, nuclear energy: 0 %, renewable: 2.6 %, hydropower: 59.5 %.
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