Holy See (Vatican City)
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Holy See (Vatican City)
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The Holy See, more commonly known as Vatican City, is a sovereign city-state and the smallest independent state in the world, both by area and population. It is an ecclesiastical or bishopric, a unique entity governed by the Pope, who is the head of the Catholic Church. Its existence is deeply intertwined with the history and spiritual influence of Catholicism, making it a focal point for millions of believers globally. Despite its diminutive size, Vatican City commands immense global respect and significance, acting as the spiritual and administrative heart of one of the worlds largest religions. Its territory, a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy, is a testament to centuries of history, art, and faith, drawing pilgrims and tourists alike to its sacred sites and magnificent architecture.
The history of the Holy See is a narrative of faith, power, and resilience. Its origins can be traced back to the martyrdom of Saint Peter, one of Jesus Christs apostles, who is believed to have been buried in what is now Vatican City. The early Christian community revered his tomb, and over centuries, a basilica was built over it, eventually becoming St. Peters Basilica. The temporal power of the Popes began to grow during the Middle Ages, leading to the establishment of the Papal States, a collection of territories in Italy ruled by the Popes. However, this era of temporal rule ended dramatically in 1870 with the unification of Italy, when the Papal States were annexed by the Kingdom of Italy. The Popes became prisoners in the Vatican, a situation that persisted for nearly 60 years. This dispute was finally resolved in 1929 with the signing of the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and the Kingdom of Italy. This treaty recognized Vatican City as an independent and sovereign state, with the Pope as its absolute ruler. The treaty also established Catholicism as the state religion of Italy, although this provision was later amended. The establishment of Vatican City as a sovereign entity ensured the independence of the Holy See, allowing it to carry out its spiritual mission without political interference.
Geographically, Vatican City is an anomaly. It is an entirely landlocked enclave situated on the Vatican Hill in the western part of Rome, Italy. Its total area is a mere 0.44 square kilometers (0.17 square miles), making it smaller than many city parks. The territory is bordered by the Italian municipalities of Rome and is entirely surrounded by the Aurelian Walls, a testament to its historical defensive needs. The terrain is mostly flat with a slight elevation towards the Vatican Hill. The city-state is bisected by St. Peters Square, a large elliptical plaza designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, which serves as the public face of Vatican City and the primary gathering place for pilgrims and visitors. Key geographical features include St. Peters Basilica, the Apostolic Palace (the Popes official residence), the Vatican Museums, the Vatican Gardens, and various administrative buildings. The Tiber River flows nearby but does not directly border the Vatican. Despite its small size, Vatican City has a well-defined infrastructure, including its own postal service, radio station (Vatican Radio), a small railway station, and even a helipad. The climate is Mediterranean, with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, typical of Rome.
The population of Vatican City is unique and comprises primarily clergy and Swiss Guards, who are responsible for the Popes security. As of recent estimates, the population hovers around 800 people, though this number can fluctuate. Citizenship is not based on birth but is typically granted to those who are residing in Vatican City by reason of their office or service, and it is usually temporary, ceasing upon the termination of their appointment. The vast majority of residents are Italian, but there are also Swiss, Polish, and other nationalities represented. The population is overwhelmingly male, reflecting the predominantly clerical nature of its inhabitants. The country has no indigenous population in the traditional sense, and permanent residency is a privilege tied to specific roles within the Holy See. This small, dedicated populace forms the administrative and spiritual core of the Catholic Church, working tirelessly to support the Popes global mission.
The economy of Vatican City is complex and relies on a diverse range of sources. It does not have a traditional industrial sector or significant natural resources. Instead, its economy is sustained by contributions from Catholics worldwide, known as Peters Pence, which are voluntary donations collected by dioceses and remitted to the Holy See. Revenue is also generated from the sale of postage stamps, coins, and medals, as well as from tourism, particularly entrance fees to the Vatican Museums and St. Peters Basilica. The Vatican Bank (IOR - Institute for the Works of Religion) manages investments and financial transactions, though its operations have been subject to scrutiny and reform in recent years. The sale of Vatican publications and souvenirs also contributes to its income. Despite its wealth and the value of its art collections, Vatican City operates on a budget, and its financial management is crucial for its continued functioning as an independent entity and the administrative hub of the Catholic Church.
Vatican City is a treasure trove of tourist attractions, drawing millions of visitors each year. The undisputed centerpiece is St. Peters Basilica, a magnificent Renaissance church that stands as one of the largest religious buildings in the world. It is renowned for its awe-inspiring architecture, including Michelangelos dome and Berninis baldachin. Visitors can ascend to the top of the dome for breathtaking panoramic views of Rome. Adjacent to the basilica is St. Peters Square, a vast and iconic plaza designed by Bernini, often filled with pilgrims and tourists attending papal audiences or simply marveling at its grandeur. The Vatican Museums are another major draw, housing an unparalleled collection of art and artifacts amassed by the Popes over centuries. Within the museums, the Sistine Chapel is a highlight, famous for its ceiling frescoes by Michelangelo, depicting scenes from the Book of Genesis, and the Last Judgment on the altar wall. Other notable attractions within the museums include the Raphael Rooms, the Gallery of Maps, and the Pio Clementino Museum, home to classical sculptures. The Vatican Gardens offer a serene escape, showcasing beautiful landscaping, fountains, and ancient ruins. For those interested in history and art, the Vatican Necropolis (Scavi tour) offers a glimpse into the ancient Roman cemetery beneath St. Peters Basilica, where St. Peter is believed to be buried. The Vatican Apostolic Library, one of the oldest libraries in the world, holds a vast collection of historical manuscripts. Even the simple act of walking through Vatican City is an experience, with its impeccably maintained streets, security personnel, and the palpable sense of history and spirituality that permeates the air. The unique status of the Holy See as the spiritual center of Catholicism ensures that these attractions are not merely historical sites but living places of pilgrimage and devotion.
Information about Holy See (Vatican City)
The information comes from the publication CIA The World Factbook.
Automated text translation, excuse errors, please!
Country Holy See (Vatican City) is situated in a location / continent Europe. Holy See (Vatican City) has an area of 0 km2 and 836 residents. The highest point has a height 75 above sea level. and it is called bezejmenné místo. The lowest point is located at the level of 19 above sea level and it is named nameless place. System of government is theocratic absolute monarchy and the date of independence 11th February 1929. The capital city is Vatican City. Holy See (Vatican City) has the international abbreviation VT.
Holy See (Vatican City) - economy
Holy See (Vatican City) - demography
As suggested above, Holy See (Vatican City) has 836 people. Population growth is in the amount 0.00 % per year.
Holy See (Vatican City) - transport and telecommunications
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Number of active fixed telephone lines is 5 120. Holy See (Vatican City) have 102 Internet connections. Holy See (Vatican City) has been assigned a domain first Choose range .va.
Holy See (Vatican City) - energetics
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