Spain
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Spain
Here is an article about Spain, approximately 5,000 characters long, written in English, using Czech quotation marks, apostrophes instead of single quotes, and bold text marked with HTML tags.
Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a vibrant and diverse country located in southwestern Europe. Its unique position on the Iberian Peninsula, bordering Portugal to the west, France and Andorra to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south and east, has profoundly shaped its history, culture, and economy. Spain is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government, and its capital city, Madrid, is a bustling metropolis at its geographical and political heart. The country is divided into seventeen autonomous communities, each with its own distinct character, traditions, and even languages, reflecting a rich tapestry of regional identities.
The population of Spain has grown steadily over the centuries, influenced by both internal migration and immigration. As of recent estimates, Spain’s population stands at over 47 million people. The demographic landscape is characterized by an aging population, a trend common across many developed European nations, but also by a significant influx of immigrants, particularly from Latin America, North Africa, and other European countries. This diversity has enriched Spanish society, contributing to its culinary scene, music, and overall cultural dynamism. The official language is Spanish (Castilian), but several other languages are co-official in their respective autonomous communities, including Catalan, Galician, and Basque. This linguistic diversity is a testament to Spain’s long and complex history, where different cultures and peoples have coexisted and intermingled for millennia.
The history of Spain is a captivating saga of conquest, cultural exchange, and empire-building. From the prehistoric Iberian tribes and the Roman conquest that left an indelible mark on its infrastructure and language, to the Visigothic kingdom and the transformative period of Moorish rule from the 8th to the 15th century, Spain has been a crossroads of civilizations. The Moors brought with them advanced knowledge in science, mathematics, and architecture, leaving behind stunning examples like the Alhambra in Granada and the Mezquita in Cordoba. The Reconquista, a centuries-long process by Christian kingdoms to reclaim the peninsula, culminated in 1492 with the fall of Granada and the unification of Spain under the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella. This same year marked another pivotal moment: Christopher Columbus’s voyage to the Americas, initiating Spain’s Golden Age and the establishment of a vast global empire. For centuries, Spain was a dominant world power, its influence extending across the Americas, parts of Africa, and Asia. However, internal conflicts, economic challenges, and the eventual decline of its empire led to a more complex 20th century, including a brutal Civil War (1936-1939) followed by the Franco dictatorship, which ended with Franco’s death in 1975. Spain then transitioned to a democratic monarchy, embracing modernity and reintegrating into the European community, joining the European Union in 1986.
Geographically, Spain is incredibly diverse. The Iberian Peninsula is dominated by a vast central plateau, the Meseta Central, surrounded by mountain ranges. The Pyrenees form a natural border with France, while the Sierra Nevada in the south boasts the highest peaks on the mainland. Spain also includes two significant archipelagos: the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, known for their beautiful beaches and tourist resorts, and the Canary Islands, a volcanic archipelago off the coast of Northwest Africa, offering a unique subtropical climate and stunning volcanic landscapes. The country’s coastline is extensive, with the Atlantic coast in the north characterized by rugged cliffs and green landscapes, while the Mediterranean coast, particularly in the south and east, is famous for its sandy beaches, coves, and warmer climate. Rivers like the Ebro, Tagus, and Guadalquivir play important roles in irrigation and transportation, though many are seasonal.
Spain’s industrial sector has undergone significant transformation. Historically, its economy was heavily reliant on agriculture, producing olives, grapes, citrus fruits, and cereals. While agriculture remains important, Spain has diversified into a modern, service-oriented economy. Key industries include tourism, which is a massive contributor to its GDP and employment, attracting millions of visitors annually. The automotive industry is also a major player, with several international manufacturers having production facilities in Spain. Other significant sectors include renewable energy, particularly solar and wind power, where Spain is a global leader, as well as textiles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and shipbuilding. The construction sector has also been a significant, albeit sometimes volatile, part of the Spanish economy.
The tourist attractions in Spain are as varied as its geography and history. For history buffs, the Alhambra in Granada offers a breathtaking glimpse into Moorish architecture and artistry. The Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, an unfinished masterpiece by Antoni Gaudí, is an iconic symbol of Catalan modernism and a must-see. Madrid boasts world-class museums like the Prado, Reina Sofía, and Thyssen-Bornemisza, forming the “Golden Triangle of Art.” Seville, the capital of Andalusia, enchants visitors with its Alcázar palace, Gothic cathedral, and the vibrant flamenco culture. The ancient Roman aqueduct in Segovia and the medieval city of Toledo are also significant historical sites. For those seeking natural beauty, the Picos de Europa mountains offer spectacular hiking opportunities, while the beaches of the Costa del Sol, the Balearic Islands, and the Canary Islands provide sun, sea, and sand. Cities like Valencia are known for their futuristic City of Arts and Sciences, while Bilbao has been revitalized by the Guggenheim Museum. Spain’s culinary scene is another major draw, with its tapas culture, paella, jamón ibérico, and exquisite wines appealing to palates worldwide. From the bustling streets of Barcelona and Madrid to the serene villages of Andalusia and the dramatic landscapes of the north, Spain offers an unforgettable experience for every traveler. The country’s rich cultural heritage, combined with its stunning natural beauty and modern infrastructure, continues to make it one of the world’s most beloved travel destinations, a place where ancient traditions meet contemporary life in a lively and captivating embrace.
Information about Spain
The information comes from the publication CIA The World Factbook.
Automated text translation, excuse errors, please!
Country Spain is situated in a location / continent Europe. Spain has an area of 505 370 km2 and 47 042 984 residents. The highest point has a height 3 718 above sea level. and it is called Pico de Teide (Tenerife) na Kanárských ostrovech. The lowest point is located at the level of 0 above sea level and it is named Atlantic Ocean. System of government is constitutional monarchy.The capital city is Madrid. Spain has the international abbreviation SP.
Spain - economy
Total gross domestic product (GDP) is 1 432 000 000 000 $. Total gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power parity is 31 000 $. GDP grows by 0.70 % a year. Inflation (consumer price index) is equal to 3.10 % a year. Spain have 23 100 000 working-age population (from a total population 47 042 984 people). Unemployment is at 21.70 %. Spain issued 9.70 % GDP to healt care and 1,20 % GDP to army. The public debt of the country is 68.10 % GDP. The total amount of foreign debt is 2 570 000 000 000 USD.
Spain - demography
As suggested above, Spain has 47 042 984 people. Population growth is in the amount 0.65 % per year. Number of children born per 1000 population per year is 10.40.Every mother has average 1.48 children. The infant mortality rate is 3.37 and maternal mortality 6.00 deaths per 100,000 births. Average estimated life expectancy makes 81.27 years. Mortality is 8.88 people per 1000 population per year.
Spain - transport and telecommunications
Spain has 681 298 km of roads, 15 293 km of railway lines and 152 airports. The total length of waterways (navigable rivers, canals, etc.) is 1 000 km. There is registered 132 ships.
Number of active mobile phones (sim card) in the country Spain is 53 067 000. Number of active fixed telephone lines is 19 667 000. Spain has 28 119 000 internet users, who have the available 4 232 000 Internet connections. Spain has been assigned a domain first Choose range .es.
Spain - energetics
Spain consumes a year 256 600 000 000 kWh of electricity. Annual electricity production is 279 600 000 000 kWh in power plants with a total installed electrical capacity 96 280 000 kW. Spain exports 13 520 000 000 kWh and imports 5 169 000 000 kWh of electricity per year Energy mix of power generation is as follows: fossil fuels: 48.7 %, nuclear energy: 7.6 %, renewable: 24.4 %, hydropower: 13.7 %. The country Spain is harvested annually 12 090 barrels of oil.
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