Romania
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Romania
Romania: A Land of Contrasts and Enduring Spirit
Romania, situated in the southeastern part of Europe, is a country that captivates with its rich tapestry of history, diverse geography, and a vibrant cultural heritage. Bordered by Ukraine, Moldova, Hungary, Serbia, and Bulgaria, and boasting a significant coastline along the Black Sea, Romania occupies a strategic position that has shaped its destiny for millennia. Its name, derived from the Roman Empire, hints at a profound historical connection that continues to resonate within its identity. From the majestic Carpathian Mountains to the fertile plains of the Danube Delta, Romania presents a landscape of striking contrasts, a reflection of the varied influences that have forged its character. The nation’s journey has been marked by periods of great achievement and profound struggle, yet it has consistently demonstrated a remarkable resilience and an enduring spirit that defines its people.
The population of Romania is a dynamic mosaic, with approximately 19 million inhabitants. The majority are ethnic Romanians, a Latin-based people whose language and culture are deeply rooted in the region. However, Romania is also home to a significant number of ethnic minorities, including Hungarians, Roma, Germans, Ukrainians, and Serbs, each contributing to the country’s multicultural fabric. This diversity is reflected in its traditions, cuisine, and even its architecture, creating a unique blend of influences. The official language is Romanian, a Romance language that stands as a testament to the country’s historical ties to the Roman Empire. Religion plays a significant role in the lives of many Romanians, with the Romanian Orthodox Church being the predominant faith. The demographic landscape has seen shifts over time, with emigration and a declining birth rate posing challenges, yet the Romanian people remain a proud and tenacious group, deeply connected to their land and heritage.
Romania’s history is a saga of invasions, empires, and the persistent struggle for independence. The region was once part of the Roman province of Dacia, a period that left an indelible mark on the language and culture. Following the Roman withdrawal, various tribes, including the Goths, Huns, and Slavs, passed through or settled in the territory, each leaving their imprint. The medieval period saw the rise of independent principalities like Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania, often caught between powerful neighbors such as the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, and later the Habsburg Monarchy. These principalities, though frequently engaged in conflict, developed distinct cultural identities and played a crucial role in defending Europe against Ottoman expansion. The 19th century witnessed a growing national consciousness, culminating in the unification of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, forming the basis of modern Romania. Full independence was achieved in 1877. The 20th century brought further turmoil, including participation in both World Wars and a long period of communist rule under Nicolae Ceauescu, which ended with a violent revolution in 1989. Since then, Romania has embarked on a path of democratic reform and economic transition, joining NATO in 2004 and the European Union in 2007.
Geographically, Romania is a land of remarkable diversity. The Carpathian Mountains form a majestic arc across the country, dividing it into distinct regions and offering breathtaking scenery, challenging hiking trails, and opportunities for winter sports. Within this mountain range lie the Eastern Carpathians, Southern Carpathians (also known as the Transylvanian Alps), and the Western Carpathians, each with its own unique character and geological formations. South of the Carpathians, the Transylvanian Plateau presents rolling hills and fertile valleys, dotted with historic towns and fortified churches. To the east and south of the mountains lie the Moldavian Plateau and the Wallachian Plain, vast agricultural heartlands that are crucial to the country’s economy. Perhaps the most unique geographical feature is the Danube Delta, a UNESCO World Heritage site and the second-largest river delta in Europe. This intricate network of waterways, lakes, and marshes is a haven for biodiversity, boasting an astonishing array of bird species, fish, and other wildlife. The Black Sea coast offers a different kind of beauty, with sandy beaches and seaside resorts that attract visitors during the warmer months.
The Romanian economy has undergone a significant transformation since the fall of communism. Historically, it was heavily reliant on agriculture and heavy industry. Today, while agriculture remains important, the service sector and industry have grown considerably. Key industries include automotive manufacturing, with major international brands having production facilities in Romania, contributing significantly to exports. The IT sector has also experienced rapid growth, with a burgeoning number of tech companies and a skilled workforce, making Romania a competitive player in the global digital landscape. Energy production, particularly from natural gas and coal, is also a significant part of the economy, though there is a growing focus on renewable energy sources. Tourism is an increasingly vital contributor, capitalizing on Romania’s historical sites, natural beauty, and unique cultural experiences. The country has a substantial natural resource base, including minerals and timber, which also form part of its industrial output. Despite economic progress, challenges remain, including regional disparities in development and the need for continued investment in infrastructure and education to foster sustainable growth.
Romania is a treasure trove of tourist attractions, appealing to a wide range of interests. The allure of Transylvania, with its legendary castles like Bran Castle (often associated with Dracula) and Pele Castle, as well as the well-preserved medieval towns of Sibiu, Braov, and Sighioara, draws visitors from around the globe. These cities, with their cobblestone streets, colorful architecture, and imposing fortifications, offer a glimpse into a bygone era. The painted monasteries of Bucovina, with their vibrant frescoes depicting biblical scenes, are a unique cultural and religious heritage site, recognized by UNESCO. For nature lovers, the Carpathian Mountains offer unparalleled opportunities for hiking, skiing, and exploring pristine wilderness. The Danube Delta is a paradise for birdwatchers and those seeking an escape into a unique aquatic ecosystem, with boat tours revealing its rich biodiversity. The capital city, Bucharest, a bustling metropolis often referred to as “Little Paris” in the interwar period, boasts grand boulevards, impressive architecture, including the Palace of the Parliament (one of the world’s largest buildings), and a vibrant cultural scene with museums, theaters, and lively nightlife. The Black Sea coast provides a different kind of holiday experience, with resorts like Mamaia offering sun, sand, and sea. Romania’s rural charm, with its traditional villages and warm hospitality, offers an authentic glimpse into a way of life that has endured for centuries.
In conclusion, Romania is a land of profound depth and enduring charm. Its population, a blend of ancient roots and modern aspirations, contributes to a rich cultural mosaic. Its history, a testament to resilience in the face of adversity, has shaped a nation with a strong sense of identity. The diverse geography, from the majestic Carpathians to the tranquil Danube Delta, offers breathtaking natural beauty and a wealth of biodiversity. Its evolving industry and burgeoning tourism sector point towards a dynamic future. Romania is not merely a place on a map; it is a living testament to the enduring spirit of its people, a country that continues to captivate and inspire with its unique blend of tradition and progress.
Information about Romania
The information comes from the publication CIA The World Factbook.
Automated text translation, excuse errors, please!
Country Romania is situated in a location / continent Europe. Romania has an area of 238 391 km2 and 21 848 504 residents. The highest point has a height 2 544 above sea level. and it is called Moldoveanu. The lowest point is located at the level of 0 above sea level and it is named Black Sea. System of government is republic and the date of independence 9th May 1877. The capital city is Bucharest. Romania has the international abbreviation RO.
Romania - economy
Total gross domestic product (GDP) is 270 600 000 000 $. Total gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power parity is 12 600 $. GDP grows by 2.50 % a year. Inflation (consumer price index) is equal to 5.80 % a year. Romania have 9 252 000 working-age population (from a total population 21 848 504 people). Unemployment is at 5.10 %. Romania issued 5.40 % GDP to healt care and 1,90 % GDP to army. The public debt of the country is 38.60 % GDP. The total amount of foreign debt is 136 100 000 000 USD.
Romania - demography
As suggested above, Romania has 21 848 504 people. Population growth is in the amount -0.26 % per year. Number of children born per 1000 population per year is 9.49.Every mother has average 1.30 children. The infant mortality rate is 10.73 and maternal mortality 27.00 deaths per 100,000 births. Average estimated life expectancy makes 74.22 years. Mortality is 11.84 people per 1000 population per year.
Romania - transport and telecommunications
Romania has 82 386 km of roads, 10 785 km of railway lines and 53 airports. The total length of waterways (navigable rivers, canals, etc.) is 1 731 km. There is registered 5 ships.
Number of active mobile phones (sim card) in the country Romania is 23 400 000. Number of active fixed telephone lines is 4 700 000. Romania has 7 787 000 internet users, who have the available 2 702 000 Internet connections. Romania has been assigned a domain first Choose range .ro.
Romania - energetics
Romania consumes a year 45 610 000 000 kWh of electricity. Annual electricity production is 57 340 000 000 kWh in power plants with a total installed electrical capacity 20 650 000 kW. Romania exports 3 030 000 000 kWh and imports 767 000 000 kWh of electricity per year Energy mix of power generation is as follows: fossil fuels: 62.5 %, nuclear energy: 6.3 %, renewable: 0.1 %, hydropower: 31.1 %. The country Romania is harvested annually 92 140 barrels of oil.
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